Entitlement; Its curious how many seemingly sane people
believe you can have infinite economic growth on a finite planet? Perpetual
economic growth and its cousin, limitless technological expansion, are expectations
so deeply held by so many in this culture that they often go entirely
unquestioned. These beliefs are somehow seen as the ultimate definition of what
it is to be human: perpetual economic growth and limitless technological
expansion are what we do.
Some who believe in perpetual growth have said things like;
“We have in our libraries the technology to feed, clothe, and supply energy to
an ever-growing population for the next 7 billion years.” When it comes to American
economic policies, insanity is easy to find, as are more wackos who’ve said, “There
are no limits to the carrying capacity of the earth that are likely to bind at
any time in the foreseeable future. The idea that we should put limits on
growth because of some natural limit is a profound error.”
Others might acknowledge that physical limits might possibly
exist, but they also believe that if you just slap the word sustainable in
front of the phrase “economic growth,” then you can still somehow have
continued growth on a finite planet, perhaps through so-called “soft” or
“service” or “high-tech” economies, or through nifty “green” innovations,
ignoring the facts that people still need to eat, that humans have overshot
carrying capacity and are systematically destroying the natural world, and that
even something as groovy as an iPod requires mining, industrial, and energy
infrastructures, all of which are functionally unsustainable.
There are a lot of people who don’t think about it: they
simply absorb the outlook of the newscasters who say, “Economic growth, good;
economic stagnation, bad.” If you care more about the economic system than life
on the planet, this is true. If you care more about life than the economic
system, it’s not quite so true, because this economic system must constantly
increase production to grow, and what, after all, is production? It is the
conversion of the living to the dead, the conversion of living forests into
two-by-fours, living rivers into stagnant pools for generating
hydroelectricity, living fish into fish sticks, and ultimately all of these
into money. What is gross national product? It’s a measure of this conversion
of the living to the dead. The more quickly the living world is converted into
dead products, the higher the GNP. These simple equations are complicated by
the fact that when GNP goes down, people often lose jobs so the world is
getting killed.
Once people have enslaved themselves to a growth economy,
they’ve pretty much committed themselves to a perpetual war economy, because in
order to maintain this growth, they will have to continue to colonize an
ever-wider swath of the planet and exploit its inhabitants. In the short run,
there’s good news for those committed to a growth economy which is that by
converting your resources into weapons you gain a short-term competitive
advantage over those peoples who live sustainably, and you can steal their land
and overuse it to fuel your perpetual-growth economy.
As for those whose land you’ve stolen, well, you can either
massacre these newly conquered, enslave them, or assimilate them into your
growth economy. Usually it’s some combination of all three. The massacre of the
bison, to present just one example, was necessary to destroy the Plains
Indians’ traditional way of life and force them to at least somewhat
assimilate. The bad news for those committed to a growth economy is that it’s
essentially a dead-end street: once you’ve overshot your home’s carrying
capacity, you have only two choices: keep living beyond the means of the planet
until your culture collapses; or choose to give up the benefits you gained from
the conquest in order to save your culture. Easter Island provides some idea of
how that goes.
A perpetual-growth economy is insane and impossible. Of
course humans are a special species to whom a wise and omnipotent God has
granted the exclusive rights and privileges of dominion over this planet that
is here for us to use. Growth economies are unchecked and will push past any
boundaries set up by anyone other than the perpetrators: certainly the fact
that indigenous cultures already are living on this or that piece of ground has
never stopped those in power from expanding their economy; nor is the death of
the oceans stopping their exploitation; nor is the grinding poverty of the
dispossessed.
How do we stop those who carry out a perpetual-growth
economy? Seeing oiled pelicans and burned sea turtles won’t move them to stop.
Nor will hundred-degree days in Moscow.
We can’t stop them by making them feel guilty. We can’t stop them by appealing
to them to do the right thing. The only way to stop them is to make it so they
have no other choice and they are giving us none.
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